فصلنامه امنیت پژوهی
پیاپی 69 (بهار 1399)

The aim of this article is to examine the texts of Imam Khomeini’s Sahifa in the form of religious democracy. To answer the question, to what extent does the leadership of Imam Khomeini (during the Islamic Revolution correspond to the approach of religious democracy Provide a suitable answer. Achieving this goal, the researcher hypothesized that Imam Khomeini (using the space of society presented a style of populism for the victory of the revolution, which is consistent with the views of religious democracy. Meanwhile, the theory of religious democracy He is without theoretical form and theoretical context and includes scattered single propositions, so in this research we have tried to analyze the content. The quantitative and qualitative set of 22 volumes of his lecture, which were selected as random sampling, provided theoretical information for his point of view. To do this, a model of the political system can be extracted from their political ideas. Democracy is religiously consistent

The communication infrastructures development and the heterogeneously configured network connectivity have led to the both expansion and diversification of vulnerabilities and threats as well as the decline of cybersecurity. Data centers as the heart of information and communication infrastructures are the main target of cyber threats in the critical infrastructures. Cyber threats structuring in data centers, as the main objective of the present article, is among the most important measures to improve cybersecurity. Meta-synthesis has been used as a systematic qualitative method for data gathering, categorization of cyber threats for critical infrastructures, analysis, and identification of frequent cyber threats. The results were validated qualitatively by focus group methodology and quantitively through Kapa Coefficient about 9 dimensions: technology, source, nature, motivation, outbreak range, effects and implications, influence range, realization method and vulnerability, and also 36 items of cybersecurity in data centers. Finally, the results were presented in a conceptual model.

Nowadays, the significant growth of digital currencies has drawn too much attention to this phenomenon. In this regard, the legal analysis and how the legislators make policy as to this issue has become one of the main concerns of researchers in this field. One of the most important legal issues of digital currency is the analysis of its legal nature and also how the prevalence of these currencies affect the national security of the country. In this article, we have attempted to explain the nature of these currencies, how other countries treated them, and also how the Iranian legislator dealt with them. Then, we tried to examine how the prevalence of these currencies will affect the national security of the country. It seems that our legislator has not adopted any law regarding the digital currencies just like the conservative countries; it has taken a similar position to China as it has practically banned banks and financial and credit institutions from trading digital currencies. However, the lack of proper legislation in this area has left an open door to the negative effects on national security; It is because the prevalence of digital currencies requires the observation of asset control mechanisms. Therefore, the non-compliance with these requirements will damage the country’s economic system as a result of money laundering crimes and compromise the country to terrorism because of committing the crime of financing terrorism.

The present article aims to examine online privacy literacy as a solution for protecting online privacy.

This article is an applied research in terms of objective, it has been done through a documentary method descriptively. Therefore, it not only examines the privacy concerns of individuals on the Internet and the violation of privacy but also investigates online privacy literacy and its dimensions. Besides, privacy threats and solutions to protect it, as well as the ways to achieve online privacy literacy, are discussed. Finally, we provide some suggestions to increase this literacy. Findings indicate that online privacy literacy is an essential literacy for living in the digital age as knowledge to protect personal information. It also helps users maintain their information by enhancing their awareness of online privacy issues such as awareness of online privacy threats and risks, awareness of the solutions for controlling online privacy controls.

Given the importance of increasing online privacy literacy to protect privacy on the Internet, the necessary education and actions should be taken to promote online privacy literacy.

Soft warfare is one of the most prominent concepts in the words of the Supreme Leader. In his views, by soft warfare, the West aims to make the hearts and minds doubtful, destroy the spiritual bases, convert the strengths into weaknesses, and the opportunities into threats. In other words, achieving these goals can indicate the effectiveness of the soft warfare, and it will also bring adverse consequences for the country if this war targets the national military community as the hard power guardians. The present article has used a survey method of the viewpoints of AJA universities’ professors to examine the relationship between various dimensions of the armed forces’ religious beliefs and fighting against soft warfare in the theoretical framework of the Supreme Leader’s statements. After analyzing the data using Spearman’s statistical test, it was found that there is a probability of more than 99 percent of a very strong relationship between the spirit of being a volunteer for the martyrdom, adherence to velayat-e faqih and pure Islam and the fighting against the goals of soft warfare. Thus, fighting against soft warfare can be facilitated by strengthening the dimensions of religious beliefs.

Institutional trust in public security agents has always been one of the sources of soft power and regulatory “social capital” in the Islamic Republic of Iran which includes a set of positive attitudes towards its policies, functions, and agents. People’s trust in public security agents is closely related to most political and social variables so that its positive developments can improve the relationship between public security agents and people in maintaining order and security. Therefore, the present study aims to improve the relationship between public security agents and people by drawing a picture of trust in public security agents. Accordingly, the research examines the institutional trust of Zanjan people in public security agents and explores what factors affect the trust of Zanjan people in public security agents. This research has been carried out through a descriptive-analytical approach using the survey method and the data were collected from the questionnaires filled out by 455 citizens of Zanjan. The research findings were analyzed by SPSS software and analysis of variance and mean difference, correlation, and regression tests. The findings show that the average trust of Zanjan people in public security agents is 75%. Institutional trust in public security agents varied depending on the contextual factors. Women and married people have higher trust in public security agents than men and singles. Also, people in the age group of “46 and older” and people with lower levels of education have higher trust in public security agents. Among the factors affecting the dependent variable, two factors, i.e. sense of security and performance of departments and institutions, had 0.44% and 0.6% direct correlation with institutional trust in public security agents, respectively, and totally explain about 50% of its variations.